1// The template and inlines for the -*- C++ -*- complex number classes.
2
3// Copyright (C) 1997-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4//
5// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
6// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
7// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
8// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
9// any later version.
10
11// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
14// GNU General Public License for more details.
15
16// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
17// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
18// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
19
20// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
21// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
22// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
23// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
24
25/** @file include/complex
26 *  This is a Standard C++ Library header.
27 */
28
29//
30// ISO C++ 14882: 26.2  Complex Numbers
31// Note: this is not a conforming implementation.
32// Initially implemented by Ulrich Drepper <drepper@cygnus.com>
33// Improved by Gabriel Dos Reis <dosreis@cmla.ens-cachan.fr>
34//
35
36#ifndef _GLIBCXX_COMPLEX
37#define _GLIBCXX_COMPLEX 1
38
39#pragma GCC system_header
40
41#include <bits/c++config.h>
42#include <bits/cpp_type_traits.h>
43#include <ext/type_traits.h>
44#include <cmath>
45#include <sstream>
46
47// Get rid of a macro possibly defined in <complex.h>
48#undef complex
49
50namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
51{
52_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
53
54  /**
55   * @defgroup complex_numbers Complex Numbers
56   * @ingroup numerics
57   *
58   * Classes and functions for complex numbers.
59   * @{
60   */
61
62  // Forward declarations.
63  template<typename _Tp> class complex;
64  template<> class complex<float>;
65  template<> class complex<double>;
66  template<> class complex<long double>;
67
68  ///  Return magnitude of @a z.
69  template<typename _Tp> _Tp abs(const complex<_Tp>&);
70  ///  Return phase angle of @a z.
71  template<typename _Tp> _Tp arg(const complex<_Tp>&);
72  ///  Return @a z magnitude squared.
73  template<typename _Tp> _Tp norm(const complex<_Tp>&);
74
75  ///  Return complex conjugate of @a z.
76  template<typename _Tp> complex<_Tp> conj(const complex<_Tp>&);
77  ///  Return complex with magnitude @a rho and angle @a theta.
78  template<typename _Tp> complex<_Tp> polar(const _Tp&, const _Tp& = 0);
79
80  // Transcendentals:
81  /// Return complex cosine of @a z.
82  template<typename _Tp> complex<_Tp> cos(const complex<_Tp>&);
83  /// Return complex hyperbolic cosine of @a z.
84  template<typename _Tp> complex<_Tp> cosh(const complex<_Tp>&);
85  /// Return complex base e exponential of @a z.
86  template<typename _Tp> complex<_Tp> exp(const complex<_Tp>&);
87  /// Return complex natural logarithm of @a z.
88  template<typename _Tp> complex<_Tp> log(const complex<_Tp>&);
89  /// Return complex base 10 logarithm of @a z.
90  template<typename _Tp> complex<_Tp> log10(const complex<_Tp>&);
91  /// Return @a x to the @a y'th power.
92  template<typename _Tp> complex<_Tp> pow(const complex<_Tp>&, int);
93  /// Return @a x to the @a y'th power.
94  template<typename _Tp> complex<_Tp> pow(const complex<_Tp>&, const _Tp&);
95  /// Return @a x to the @a y'th power.
96  template<typename _Tp> complex<_Tp> pow(const complex<_Tp>&,
97                                          const complex<_Tp>&);
98  /// Return @a x to the @a y'th power.
99  template<typename _Tp> complex<_Tp> pow(const _Tp&, const complex<_Tp>&);
100  /// Return complex sine of @a z.
101  template<typename _Tp> complex<_Tp> sin(const complex<_Tp>&);
102  /// Return complex hyperbolic sine of @a z.
103  template<typename _Tp> complex<_Tp> sinh(const complex<_Tp>&);
104  /// Return complex square root of @a z.
105  template<typename _Tp> complex<_Tp> sqrt(const complex<_Tp>&);
106  /// Return complex tangent of @a z.
107  template<typename _Tp> complex<_Tp> tan(const complex<_Tp>&);
108  /// Return complex hyperbolic tangent of @a z.
109  template<typename _Tp> complex<_Tp> tanh(const complex<_Tp>&);
110
111
112  // 26.2.2  Primary template class complex
113  /**
114   *  Template to represent complex numbers.
115   *
116   *  Specializations for float, double, and long double are part of the
117   *  library.  Results with any other type are not guaranteed.
118   *
119   *  @param  Tp  Type of real and imaginary values.
120  */
121  template<typename _Tp>
122    struct complex
123    {
124      /// Value typedef.
125      typedef _Tp value_type;
126
127      ///  Default constructor.  First parameter is x, second parameter is y.
128      ///  Unspecified parameters default to 0.
129      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR complex(const _Tp& __r = _Tp(), const _Tp& __i = _Tp())
130      : _M_real(__r), _M_imag(__i) { }
131
132      // Let the compiler synthesize the copy constructor
133#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
134      constexpr complex(const complex&) = default;
135#endif
136
137      ///  Converting constructor.
138      template<typename _Up>
139        _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR complex(const complex<_Up>& __z)
140	: _M_real(__z.real()), _M_imag(__z.imag()) { }
141
142#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
143      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
144      // DR 387. std::complex over-encapsulated.
145      _GLIBCXX_ABI_TAG_CXX11
146      constexpr _Tp
147      real() const { return _M_real; }
148
149      _GLIBCXX_ABI_TAG_CXX11
150      constexpr _Tp
151      imag() const { return _M_imag; }
152#else
153      ///  Return real part of complex number.
154      _Tp&
155      real() { return _M_real; }
156
157      ///  Return real part of complex number.
158      const _Tp&
159      real() const { return _M_real; }
160
161      ///  Return imaginary part of complex number.
162      _Tp&
163      imag() { return _M_imag; }
164
165      ///  Return imaginary part of complex number.
166      const _Tp&
167      imag() const { return _M_imag; }
168#endif
169
170      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
171      // DR 387. std::complex over-encapsulated.
172      void
173      real(_Tp __val) { _M_real = __val; }
174
175      void
176      imag(_Tp __val) { _M_imag = __val; }
177
178      /// Assign a scalar to this complex number.
179      complex<_Tp>& operator=(const _Tp&);
180
181      /// Add a scalar to this complex number.
182      // 26.2.5/1
183      complex<_Tp>&
184      operator+=(const _Tp& __t)
185      {
186	_M_real += __t;
187	return *this;
188      }
189
190      /// Subtract a scalar from this complex number.
191      // 26.2.5/3
192      complex<_Tp>&
193      operator-=(const _Tp& __t)
194      {
195	_M_real -= __t;
196	return *this;
197      }
198
199      /// Multiply this complex number by a scalar.
200      complex<_Tp>& operator*=(const _Tp&);
201      /// Divide this complex number by a scalar.
202      complex<_Tp>& operator/=(const _Tp&);
203
204      // Let the compiler synthesize the copy assignment operator
205#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
206      complex& operator=(const complex&) = default;
207#endif
208
209      /// Assign another complex number to this one.
210      template<typename _Up>
211        complex<_Tp>& operator=(const complex<_Up>&);
212      /// Add another complex number to this one.
213      template<typename _Up>
214        complex<_Tp>& operator+=(const complex<_Up>&);
215      /// Subtract another complex number from this one.
216      template<typename _Up>
217        complex<_Tp>& operator-=(const complex<_Up>&);
218      /// Multiply this complex number by another.
219      template<typename _Up>
220        complex<_Tp>& operator*=(const complex<_Up>&);
221      /// Divide this complex number by another.
222      template<typename _Up>
223        complex<_Tp>& operator/=(const complex<_Up>&);
224
225      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR complex __rep() const
226      { return *this; }
227
228    private:
229      _Tp _M_real;
230      _Tp _M_imag;
231    };
232
233  template<typename _Tp>
234    complex<_Tp>&
235    complex<_Tp>::operator=(const _Tp& __t)
236    {
237     _M_real = __t;
238     _M_imag = _Tp();
239     return *this;
240    }
241
242  // 26.2.5/5
243  template<typename _Tp>
244    complex<_Tp>&
245    complex<_Tp>::operator*=(const _Tp& __t)
246    {
247      _M_real *= __t;
248      _M_imag *= __t;
249      return *this;
250    }
251
252  // 26.2.5/7
253  template<typename _Tp>
254    complex<_Tp>&
255    complex<_Tp>::operator/=(const _Tp& __t)
256    {
257      _M_real /= __t;
258      _M_imag /= __t;
259      return *this;
260    }
261
262  template<typename _Tp>
263    template<typename _Up>
264    complex<_Tp>&
265    complex<_Tp>::operator=(const complex<_Up>& __z)
266    {
267      _M_real = __z.real();
268      _M_imag = __z.imag();
269      return *this;
270    }
271
272  // 26.2.5/9
273  template<typename _Tp>
274    template<typename _Up>
275    complex<_Tp>&
276    complex<_Tp>::operator+=(const complex<_Up>& __z)
277    {
278      _M_real += __z.real();
279      _M_imag += __z.imag();
280      return *this;
281    }
282
283  // 26.2.5/11
284  template<typename _Tp>
285    template<typename _Up>
286    complex<_Tp>&
287    complex<_Tp>::operator-=(const complex<_Up>& __z)
288    {
289      _M_real -= __z.real();
290      _M_imag -= __z.imag();
291      return *this;
292    }
293
294  // 26.2.5/13
295  // XXX: This is a grammar school implementation.
296  template<typename _Tp>
297    template<typename _Up>
298    complex<_Tp>&
299    complex<_Tp>::operator*=(const complex<_Up>& __z)
300    {
301      const _Tp __r = _M_real * __z.real() - _M_imag * __z.imag();
302      _M_imag = _M_real * __z.imag() + _M_imag * __z.real();
303      _M_real = __r;
304      return *this;
305    }
306
307  // 26.2.5/15
308  // XXX: This is a grammar school implementation.
309  template<typename _Tp>
310    template<typename _Up>
311    complex<_Tp>&
312    complex<_Tp>::operator/=(const complex<_Up>& __z)
313    {
314      const _Tp __r =  _M_real * __z.real() + _M_imag * __z.imag();
315      const _Tp __n = std::norm(__z);
316      _M_imag = (_M_imag * __z.real() - _M_real * __z.imag()) / __n;
317      _M_real = __r / __n;
318      return *this;
319    }
320
321  // Operators:
322  //@{
323  ///  Return new complex value @a x plus @a y.
324  template<typename _Tp>
325    inline complex<_Tp>
326    operator+(const complex<_Tp>& __x, const complex<_Tp>& __y)
327    {
328      complex<_Tp> __r = __x;
329      __r += __y;
330      return __r;
331    }
332
333  template<typename _Tp>
334    inline complex<_Tp>
335    operator+(const complex<_Tp>& __x, const _Tp& __y)
336    {
337      complex<_Tp> __r = __x;
338      __r += __y;
339      return __r;
340    }
341
342  template<typename _Tp>
343    inline complex<_Tp>
344    operator+(const _Tp& __x, const complex<_Tp>& __y)
345    {
346      complex<_Tp> __r = __y;
347      __r += __x;
348      return __r;
349    }
350  //@}
351
352  //@{
353  ///  Return new complex value @a x minus @a y.
354  template<typename _Tp>
355    inline complex<_Tp>
356    operator-(const complex<_Tp>& __x, const complex<_Tp>& __y)
357    {
358      complex<_Tp> __r = __x;
359      __r -= __y;
360      return __r;
361    }
362
363  template<typename _Tp>
364    inline complex<_Tp>
365    operator-(const complex<_Tp>& __x, const _Tp& __y)
366    {
367      complex<_Tp> __r = __x;
368      __r -= __y;
369      return __r;
370    }
371
372  template<typename _Tp>
373    inline complex<_Tp>
374    operator-(const _Tp& __x, const complex<_Tp>& __y)
375    {
376      complex<_Tp> __r(__x, -__y.imag());
377      __r -= __y.real();
378      return __r;
379    }
380  //@}
381
382  //@{
383  ///  Return new complex value @a x times @a y.
384  template<typename _Tp>
385    inline complex<_Tp>
386    operator*(const complex<_Tp>& __x, const complex<_Tp>& __y)
387    {
388      complex<_Tp> __r = __x;
389      __r *= __y;
390      return __r;
391    }
392
393  template<typename _Tp>
394    inline complex<_Tp>
395    operator*(const complex<_Tp>& __x, const _Tp& __y)
396    {
397      complex<_Tp> __r = __x;
398      __r *= __y;
399      return __r;
400    }
401
402  template<typename _Tp>
403    inline complex<_Tp>
404    operator*(const _Tp& __x, const complex<_Tp>& __y)
405    {
406      complex<_Tp> __r = __y;
407      __r *= __x;
408      return __r;
409    }
410  //@}
411
412  //@{
413  ///  Return new complex value @a x divided by @a y.
414  template<typename _Tp>
415    inline complex<_Tp>
416    operator/(const complex<_Tp>& __x, const complex<_Tp>& __y)
417    {
418      complex<_Tp> __r = __x;
419      __r /= __y;
420      return __r;
421    }
422
423  template<typename _Tp>
424    inline complex<_Tp>
425    operator/(const complex<_Tp>& __x, const _Tp& __y)
426    {
427      complex<_Tp> __r = __x;
428      __r /= __y;
429      return __r;
430    }
431
432  template<typename _Tp>
433    inline complex<_Tp>
434    operator/(const _Tp& __x, const complex<_Tp>& __y)
435    {
436      complex<_Tp> __r = __x;
437      __r /= __y;
438      return __r;
439    }
440  //@}
441
442  ///  Return @a x.
443  template<typename _Tp>
444    inline complex<_Tp>
445    operator+(const complex<_Tp>& __x)
446    { return __x; }
447
448  ///  Return complex negation of @a x.
449  template<typename _Tp>
450    inline complex<_Tp>
451    operator-(const complex<_Tp>& __x)
452    {  return complex<_Tp>(-__x.real(), -__x.imag()); }
453
454  //@{
455  ///  Return true if @a x is equal to @a y.
456  template<typename _Tp>
457    inline _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR bool
458    operator==(const complex<_Tp>& __x, const complex<_Tp>& __y)
459    { return __x.real() == __y.real() && __x.imag() == __y.imag(); }
460
461  template<typename _Tp>
462    inline _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR bool
463    operator==(const complex<_Tp>& __x, const _Tp& __y)
464    { return __x.real() == __y && __x.imag() == _Tp(); }
465
466  template<typename _Tp>
467    inline _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR bool
468    operator==(const _Tp& __x, const complex<_Tp>& __y)
469    { return __x == __y.real() && _Tp() == __y.imag(); }
470  //@}
471
472  //@{
473  ///  Return false if @a x is equal to @a y.
474  template<typename _Tp>
475    inline _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR bool
476    operator!=(const complex<_Tp>& __x, const complex<_Tp>& __y)
477    { return __x.real() != __y.real() || __x.imag() != __y.imag(); }
478
479  template<typename _Tp>
480    inline _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR bool
481    operator!=(const complex<_Tp>& __x, const _Tp& __y)
482    { return __x.real() != __y || __x.imag() != _Tp(); }
483
484  template<typename _Tp>
485    inline _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR bool
486    operator!=(const _Tp& __x, const complex<_Tp>& __y)
487    { return __x != __y.real() || _Tp() != __y.imag(); }
488  //@}
489
490  ///  Extraction operator for complex values.
491  template<typename _Tp, typename _CharT, class _Traits>
492    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
493    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, complex<_Tp>& __x)
494    {
495      _Tp __re_x, __im_x;
496      _CharT __ch = _CharT();
497      __is >> __ch;
498      if (__ch == '(')
499	{
500	  __is >> __re_x >> __ch;
501	  if (__ch == ',')
502	    {
503	      __is >> __im_x >> __ch;
504	      if (__ch == ')')
505		__x = complex<_Tp>(__re_x, __im_x);
506	      else
507		__is.setstate(ios_base::failbit);
508	    }
509	  else if (__ch == ')')
510	    __x = __re_x;
511	  else
512	    __is.setstate(ios_base::failbit);
513	}
514      else if (__is)
515	{
516	  __is.putback(__ch);
517	  if (__is >> __re_x)
518	    __x = __re_x;
519	  else
520	    __is.setstate(ios_base::failbit);
521	}
522      return __is;
523    }
524
525  ///  Insertion operator for complex values.
526  template<typename _Tp, typename _CharT, class _Traits>
527    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
528    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, const complex<_Tp>& __x)
529    {
530      basic_ostringstream<_CharT, _Traits> __s;
531      __s.flags(__os.flags());
532      __s.imbue(__os.getloc());
533      __s.precision(__os.precision());
534      __s << '(' << __x.real() << ',' << __x.imag() << ')';
535      return __os << __s.str();
536    }
537
538  // Values
539#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
540  template<typename _Tp>
541    constexpr _Tp
542    real(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
543    { return __z.real(); }
544
545  template<typename _Tp>
546    constexpr _Tp
547    imag(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
548    { return __z.imag(); }
549#else
550  template<typename _Tp>
551    inline _Tp&
552    real(complex<_Tp>& __z)
553    { return __z.real(); }
554
555  template<typename _Tp>
556    inline const _Tp&
557    real(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
558    { return __z.real(); }
559
560  template<typename _Tp>
561    inline _Tp&
562    imag(complex<_Tp>& __z)
563    { return __z.imag(); }
564
565  template<typename _Tp>
566    inline const _Tp&
567    imag(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
568    { return __z.imag(); }
569#endif
570
571  // 26.2.7/3 abs(__z):  Returns the magnitude of __z.
572  template<typename _Tp>
573    inline _Tp
574    __complex_abs(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
575    {
576      _Tp __x = __z.real();
577      _Tp __y = __z.imag();
578      const _Tp __s = std::max(abs(__x), abs(__y));
579      if (__s == _Tp())  // well ...
580        return __s;
581      __x /= __s;
582      __y /= __s;
583      return __s * sqrt(__x * __x + __y * __y);
584    }
585
586#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_COMPLEX
587  inline float
588  __complex_abs(__complex__ float __z) { return __builtin_cabsf(__z); }
589
590  inline double
591  __complex_abs(__complex__ double __z) { return __builtin_cabs(__z); }
592
593  inline long double
594  __complex_abs(const __complex__ long double& __z)
595  { return __builtin_cabsl(__z); }
596
597  template<typename _Tp>
598    inline _Tp
599    abs(const complex<_Tp>& __z) { return __complex_abs(__z.__rep()); }
600#else
601  template<typename _Tp>
602    inline _Tp
603    abs(const complex<_Tp>& __z) { return __complex_abs(__z); }
604#endif
605
606
607  // 26.2.7/4: arg(__z): Returns the phase angle of __z.
608  template<typename _Tp>
609    inline _Tp
610    __complex_arg(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
611    { return  atan2(__z.imag(), __z.real()); }
612
613#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_COMPLEX
614  inline float
615  __complex_arg(__complex__ float __z) { return __builtin_cargf(__z); }
616
617  inline double
618  __complex_arg(__complex__ double __z) { return __builtin_carg(__z); }
619
620  inline long double
621  __complex_arg(const __complex__ long double& __z)
622  { return __builtin_cargl(__z); }
623
624  template<typename _Tp>
625    inline _Tp
626    arg(const complex<_Tp>& __z) { return __complex_arg(__z.__rep()); }
627#else
628  template<typename _Tp>
629    inline _Tp
630    arg(const complex<_Tp>& __z) { return __complex_arg(__z); }
631#endif
632
633  // 26.2.7/5: norm(__z) returns the squared magnitude of __z.
634  //     As defined, norm() is -not- a norm is the common mathematical
635  //     sense used in numerics.  The helper class _Norm_helper<> tries to
636  //     distinguish between builtin floating point and the rest, so as
637  //     to deliver an answer as close as possible to the real value.
638  template<bool>
639    struct _Norm_helper
640    {
641      template<typename _Tp>
642        static inline _Tp _S_do_it(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
643        {
644          const _Tp __x = __z.real();
645          const _Tp __y = __z.imag();
646          return __x * __x + __y * __y;
647        }
648    };
649
650  template<>
651    struct _Norm_helper<true>
652    {
653      template<typename _Tp>
654        static inline _Tp _S_do_it(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
655        {
656          _Tp __res = std::abs(__z);
657          return __res * __res;
658        }
659    };
660
661  template<typename _Tp>
662    inline _Tp
663    norm(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
664    {
665      return _Norm_helper<__is_floating<_Tp>::__value
666	&& !_GLIBCXX_FAST_MATH>::_S_do_it(__z);
667    }
668
669  template<typename _Tp>
670    inline complex<_Tp>
671    polar(const _Tp& __rho, const _Tp& __theta)
672    {
673      __glibcxx_assert( __rho >= 0 );
674      return complex<_Tp>(__rho * cos(__theta), __rho * sin(__theta));
675    }
676
677  template<typename _Tp>
678    inline complex<_Tp>
679    conj(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
680    { return complex<_Tp>(__z.real(), -__z.imag()); }
681
682  // Transcendentals
683
684  // 26.2.8/1 cos(__z):  Returns the cosine of __z.
685  template<typename _Tp>
686    inline complex<_Tp>
687    __complex_cos(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
688    {
689      const _Tp __x = __z.real();
690      const _Tp __y = __z.imag();
691      return complex<_Tp>(cos(__x) * cosh(__y), -sin(__x) * sinh(__y));
692    }
693
694#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_COMPLEX
695  inline __complex__ float
696  __complex_cos(__complex__ float __z) { return __builtin_ccosf(__z); }
697
698  inline __complex__ double
699  __complex_cos(__complex__ double __z) { return __builtin_ccos(__z); }
700
701  inline __complex__ long double
702  __complex_cos(const __complex__ long double& __z)
703  { return __builtin_ccosl(__z); }
704
705  template<typename _Tp>
706    inline complex<_Tp>
707    cos(const complex<_Tp>& __z) { return __complex_cos(__z.__rep()); }
708#else
709  template<typename _Tp>
710    inline complex<_Tp>
711    cos(const complex<_Tp>& __z) { return __complex_cos(__z); }
712#endif
713
714  // 26.2.8/2 cosh(__z): Returns the hyperbolic cosine of __z.
715  template<typename _Tp>
716    inline complex<_Tp>
717    __complex_cosh(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
718    {
719      const _Tp __x = __z.real();
720      const _Tp __y = __z.imag();
721      return complex<_Tp>(cosh(__x) * cos(__y), sinh(__x) * sin(__y));
722    }
723
724#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_COMPLEX
725  inline __complex__ float
726  __complex_cosh(__complex__ float __z) { return __builtin_ccoshf(__z); }
727
728  inline __complex__ double
729  __complex_cosh(__complex__ double __z) { return __builtin_ccosh(__z); }
730
731  inline __complex__ long double
732  __complex_cosh(const __complex__ long double& __z)
733  { return __builtin_ccoshl(__z); }
734
735  template<typename _Tp>
736    inline complex<_Tp>
737    cosh(const complex<_Tp>& __z) { return __complex_cosh(__z.__rep()); }
738#else
739  template<typename _Tp>
740    inline complex<_Tp>
741    cosh(const complex<_Tp>& __z) { return __complex_cosh(__z); }
742#endif
743
744  // 26.2.8/3 exp(__z): Returns the complex base e exponential of x
745  template<typename _Tp>
746    inline complex<_Tp>
747    __complex_exp(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
748    { return std::polar<_Tp>(exp(__z.real()), __z.imag()); }
749
750#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_COMPLEX
751  inline __complex__ float
752  __complex_exp(__complex__ float __z) { return __builtin_cexpf(__z); }
753
754  inline __complex__ double
755  __complex_exp(__complex__ double __z) { return __builtin_cexp(__z); }
756
757  inline __complex__ long double
758  __complex_exp(const __complex__ long double& __z)
759  { return __builtin_cexpl(__z); }
760
761  template<typename _Tp>
762    inline complex<_Tp>
763    exp(const complex<_Tp>& __z) { return __complex_exp(__z.__rep()); }
764#else
765  template<typename _Tp>
766    inline complex<_Tp>
767    exp(const complex<_Tp>& __z) { return __complex_exp(__z); }
768#endif
769
770  // 26.2.8/5 log(__z): Returns the natural complex logarithm of __z.
771  //                    The branch cut is along the negative axis.
772  template<typename _Tp>
773    inline complex<_Tp>
774    __complex_log(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
775    { return complex<_Tp>(log(std::abs(__z)), std::arg(__z)); }
776
777#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_COMPLEX
778  inline __complex__ float
779  __complex_log(__complex__ float __z) { return __builtin_clogf(__z); }
780
781  inline __complex__ double
782  __complex_log(__complex__ double __z) { return __builtin_clog(__z); }
783
784  inline __complex__ long double
785  __complex_log(const __complex__ long double& __z)
786  { return __builtin_clogl(__z); }
787
788  template<typename _Tp>
789    inline complex<_Tp>
790    log(const complex<_Tp>& __z) { return __complex_log(__z.__rep()); }
791#else
792  template<typename _Tp>
793    inline complex<_Tp>
794    log(const complex<_Tp>& __z) { return __complex_log(__z); }
795#endif
796
797  template<typename _Tp>
798    inline complex<_Tp>
799    log10(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
800    { return std::log(__z) / log(_Tp(10.0)); }
801
802  // 26.2.8/10 sin(__z): Returns the sine of __z.
803  template<typename _Tp>
804    inline complex<_Tp>
805    __complex_sin(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
806    {
807      const _Tp __x = __z.real();
808      const _Tp __y = __z.imag();
809      return complex<_Tp>(sin(__x) * cosh(__y), cos(__x) * sinh(__y));
810    }
811
812#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_COMPLEX
813  inline __complex__ float
814  __complex_sin(__complex__ float __z) { return __builtin_csinf(__z); }
815
816  inline __complex__ double
817  __complex_sin(__complex__ double __z) { return __builtin_csin(__z); }
818
819  inline __complex__ long double
820  __complex_sin(const __complex__ long double& __z)
821  { return __builtin_csinl(__z); }
822
823  template<typename _Tp>
824    inline complex<_Tp>
825    sin(const complex<_Tp>& __z) { return __complex_sin(__z.__rep()); }
826#else
827  template<typename _Tp>
828    inline complex<_Tp>
829    sin(const complex<_Tp>& __z) { return __complex_sin(__z); }
830#endif
831
832  // 26.2.8/11 sinh(__z): Returns the hyperbolic sine of __z.
833  template<typename _Tp>
834    inline complex<_Tp>
835    __complex_sinh(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
836    {
837      const _Tp __x = __z.real();
838      const _Tp  __y = __z.imag();
839      return complex<_Tp>(sinh(__x) * cos(__y), cosh(__x) * sin(__y));
840    }
841
842#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_COMPLEX
843  inline __complex__ float
844  __complex_sinh(__complex__ float __z) { return __builtin_csinhf(__z); }
845
846  inline __complex__ double
847  __complex_sinh(__complex__ double __z) { return __builtin_csinh(__z); }
848
849  inline __complex__ long double
850  __complex_sinh(const __complex__ long double& __z)
851  { return __builtin_csinhl(__z); }
852
853  template<typename _Tp>
854    inline complex<_Tp>
855    sinh(const complex<_Tp>& __z) { return __complex_sinh(__z.__rep()); }
856#else
857  template<typename _Tp>
858    inline complex<_Tp>
859    sinh(const complex<_Tp>& __z) { return __complex_sinh(__z); }
860#endif
861
862  // 26.2.8/13 sqrt(__z): Returns the complex square root of __z.
863  //                     The branch cut is on the negative axis.
864  template<typename _Tp>
865    complex<_Tp>
866    __complex_sqrt(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
867    {
868      _Tp __x = __z.real();
869      _Tp __y = __z.imag();
870
871      if (__x == _Tp())
872        {
873          _Tp __t = sqrt(abs(__y) / 2);
874          return complex<_Tp>(__t, __y < _Tp() ? -__t : __t);
875        }
876      else
877        {
878          _Tp __t = sqrt(2 * (std::abs(__z) + abs(__x)));
879          _Tp __u = __t / 2;
880          return __x > _Tp()
881            ? complex<_Tp>(__u, __y / __t)
882            : complex<_Tp>(abs(__y) / __t, __y < _Tp() ? -__u : __u);
883        }
884    }
885
886#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_COMPLEX
887  inline __complex__ float
888  __complex_sqrt(__complex__ float __z) { return __builtin_csqrtf(__z); }
889
890  inline __complex__ double
891  __complex_sqrt(__complex__ double __z) { return __builtin_csqrt(__z); }
892
893  inline __complex__ long double
894  __complex_sqrt(const __complex__ long double& __z)
895  { return __builtin_csqrtl(__z); }
896
897  template<typename _Tp>
898    inline complex<_Tp>
899    sqrt(const complex<_Tp>& __z) { return __complex_sqrt(__z.__rep()); }
900#else
901  template<typename _Tp>
902    inline complex<_Tp>
903    sqrt(const complex<_Tp>& __z) { return __complex_sqrt(__z); }
904#endif
905
906  // 26.2.8/14 tan(__z):  Return the complex tangent of __z.
907
908  template<typename _Tp>
909    inline complex<_Tp>
910    __complex_tan(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
911    { return std::sin(__z) / std::cos(__z); }
912
913#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_COMPLEX
914  inline __complex__ float
915  __complex_tan(__complex__ float __z) { return __builtin_ctanf(__z); }
916
917  inline __complex__ double
918  __complex_tan(__complex__ double __z) { return __builtin_ctan(__z); }
919
920  inline __complex__ long double
921  __complex_tan(const __complex__ long double& __z)
922  { return __builtin_ctanl(__z); }
923
924  template<typename _Tp>
925    inline complex<_Tp>
926    tan(const complex<_Tp>& __z) { return __complex_tan(__z.__rep()); }
927#else
928  template<typename _Tp>
929    inline complex<_Tp>
930    tan(const complex<_Tp>& __z) { return __complex_tan(__z); }
931#endif
932
933
934  // 26.2.8/15 tanh(__z):  Returns the hyperbolic tangent of __z.
935
936  template<typename _Tp>
937    inline complex<_Tp>
938    __complex_tanh(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
939    { return std::sinh(__z) / std::cosh(__z); }
940
941#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_COMPLEX
942  inline __complex__ float
943  __complex_tanh(__complex__ float __z) { return __builtin_ctanhf(__z); }
944
945  inline __complex__ double
946  __complex_tanh(__complex__ double __z) { return __builtin_ctanh(__z); }
947
948  inline __complex__ long double
949  __complex_tanh(const __complex__ long double& __z)
950  { return __builtin_ctanhl(__z); }
951
952  template<typename _Tp>
953    inline complex<_Tp>
954    tanh(const complex<_Tp>& __z) { return __complex_tanh(__z.__rep()); }
955#else
956  template<typename _Tp>
957    inline complex<_Tp>
958    tanh(const complex<_Tp>& __z) { return __complex_tanh(__z); }
959#endif
960
961
962  // 26.2.8/9  pow(__x, __y): Returns the complex power base of __x
963  //                          raised to the __y-th power.  The branch
964  //                          cut is on the negative axis.
965  template<typename _Tp>
966    complex<_Tp>
967    __complex_pow_unsigned(complex<_Tp> __x, unsigned __n)
968    {
969      complex<_Tp> __y = __n % 2 ? __x : complex<_Tp>(1);
970
971      while (__n >>= 1)
972        {
973          __x *= __x;
974          if (__n % 2)
975            __y *= __x;
976        }
977
978      return __y;
979    }
980
981  // In C++11 mode we used to implement the resolution of
982  // DR 844. complex pow return type is ambiguous.
983  // thus the following overload was disabled in that mode.  However, doing
984  // that causes all sorts of issues, see, for example:
985  //   http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/libstdc++/2013-01/msg00058.html
986  // and also PR57974.
987  template<typename _Tp>
988    inline complex<_Tp>
989    pow(const complex<_Tp>& __z, int __n)
990    {
991      return __n < 0
992	? complex<_Tp>(1) / std::__complex_pow_unsigned(__z, -(unsigned)__n)
993        : std::__complex_pow_unsigned(__z, __n);
994    }
995
996  template<typename _Tp>
997    complex<_Tp>
998    pow(const complex<_Tp>& __x, const _Tp& __y)
999    {
1000#if ! _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_COMPLEX
1001      if (__x == _Tp())
1002	return _Tp();
1003#endif
1004      if (__x.imag() == _Tp() && __x.real() > _Tp())
1005        return pow(__x.real(), __y);
1006
1007      complex<_Tp> __t = std::log(__x);
1008      return std::polar<_Tp>(exp(__y * __t.real()), __y * __t.imag());
1009    }
1010
1011  template<typename _Tp>
1012    inline complex<_Tp>
1013    __complex_pow(const complex<_Tp>& __x, const complex<_Tp>& __y)
1014    { return __x == _Tp() ? _Tp() : std::exp(__y * std::log(__x)); }
1015
1016#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_COMPLEX
1017  inline __complex__ float
1018  __complex_pow(__complex__ float __x, __complex__ float __y)
1019  { return __builtin_cpowf(__x, __y); }
1020
1021  inline __complex__ double
1022  __complex_pow(__complex__ double __x, __complex__ double __y)
1023  { return __builtin_cpow(__x, __y); }
1024
1025  inline __complex__ long double
1026  __complex_pow(const __complex__ long double& __x,
1027		const __complex__ long double& __y)
1028  { return __builtin_cpowl(__x, __y); }
1029
1030  template<typename _Tp>
1031    inline complex<_Tp>
1032    pow(const complex<_Tp>& __x, const complex<_Tp>& __y)
1033    { return __complex_pow(__x.__rep(), __y.__rep()); }
1034#else
1035  template<typename _Tp>
1036    inline complex<_Tp>
1037    pow(const complex<_Tp>& __x, const complex<_Tp>& __y)
1038    { return __complex_pow(__x, __y); }
1039#endif
1040
1041  template<typename _Tp>
1042    inline complex<_Tp>
1043    pow(const _Tp& __x, const complex<_Tp>& __y)
1044    {
1045      return __x > _Tp() ? std::polar<_Tp>(pow(__x, __y.real()),
1046					   __y.imag() * log(__x))
1047	                 : std::pow(complex<_Tp>(__x), __y);
1048    }
1049
1050  /// 26.2.3  complex specializations
1051  /// complex<float> specialization
1052  template<>
1053    struct complex<float>
1054    {
1055      typedef float value_type;
1056      typedef __complex__ float _ComplexT;
1057
1058      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR complex(_ComplexT __z) : _M_value(__z) { }
1059
1060      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR complex(float __r = 0.0f, float __i = 0.0f)
1061#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1062      : _M_value{ __r, __i } { }
1063#else
1064      {
1065	__real__ _M_value = __r;
1066	__imag__ _M_value = __i;
1067      }
1068#endif
1069
1070      explicit _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR complex(const complex<double>&);
1071      explicit _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR complex(const complex<long double>&);
1072
1073#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1074      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
1075      // DR 387. std::complex over-encapsulated.
1076      __attribute ((__abi_tag__ ("cxx11")))
1077      constexpr float
1078      real() const { return __real__ _M_value; }
1079
1080      __attribute ((__abi_tag__ ("cxx11")))
1081      constexpr float
1082      imag() const { return __imag__ _M_value; }
1083#else
1084      float&
1085      real() { return __real__ _M_value; }
1086
1087      const float&
1088      real() const { return __real__ _M_value; }
1089
1090      float&
1091      imag() { return __imag__ _M_value; }
1092
1093      const float&
1094      imag() const { return __imag__ _M_value; }
1095#endif
1096
1097      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
1098      // DR 387. std::complex over-encapsulated.
1099      void
1100      real(float __val) { __real__ _M_value = __val; }
1101
1102      void
1103      imag(float __val) { __imag__ _M_value = __val; }
1104
1105      complex&
1106      operator=(float __f)
1107      {
1108	_M_value = __f;
1109	return *this;
1110      }
1111
1112      complex&
1113      operator+=(float __f)
1114      {
1115	_M_value += __f;
1116	return *this;
1117      }
1118
1119      complex&
1120      operator-=(float __f)
1121      {
1122	_M_value -= __f;
1123	return *this;
1124      }
1125
1126      complex&
1127      operator*=(float __f)
1128      {
1129	_M_value *= __f;
1130	return *this;
1131      }
1132
1133      complex&
1134      operator/=(float __f)
1135      {
1136	_M_value /= __f;
1137	return *this;
1138      }
1139
1140      // Let the compiler synthesize the copy and assignment
1141      // operator.  It always does a pretty good job.
1142      // complex& operator=(const complex&);
1143
1144      template<typename _Tp>
1145        complex&
1146        operator=(const complex<_Tp>&  __z)
1147	{
1148	  __real__ _M_value = __z.real();
1149	  __imag__ _M_value = __z.imag();
1150	  return *this;
1151	}
1152
1153      template<typename _Tp>
1154        complex&
1155        operator+=(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
1156	{
1157	  __real__ _M_value += __z.real();
1158	  __imag__ _M_value += __z.imag();
1159	  return *this;
1160	}
1161
1162      template<class _Tp>
1163        complex&
1164        operator-=(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
1165	{
1166	  __real__ _M_value -= __z.real();
1167	  __imag__ _M_value -= __z.imag();
1168	  return *this;
1169	}
1170
1171      template<class _Tp>
1172        complex&
1173        operator*=(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
1174	{
1175	  _ComplexT __t;
1176	  __real__ __t = __z.real();
1177	  __imag__ __t = __z.imag();
1178	  _M_value *= __t;
1179	  return *this;
1180	}
1181
1182      template<class _Tp>
1183        complex&
1184        operator/=(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
1185	{
1186	  _ComplexT __t;
1187	  __real__ __t = __z.real();
1188	  __imag__ __t = __z.imag();
1189	  _M_value /= __t;
1190	  return *this;
1191	}
1192
1193      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR _ComplexT __rep() const { return _M_value; }
1194
1195    private:
1196      _ComplexT _M_value;
1197    };
1198
1199  /// 26.2.3  complex specializations
1200  /// complex<double> specialization
1201  template<>
1202    struct complex<double>
1203    {
1204      typedef double value_type;
1205      typedef __complex__ double _ComplexT;
1206
1207      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR complex(_ComplexT __z) : _M_value(__z) { }
1208
1209      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR complex(double __r = 0.0, double __i = 0.0)
1210#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1211      : _M_value{ __r, __i } { }
1212#else
1213      {
1214	__real__ _M_value = __r;
1215	__imag__ _M_value = __i;
1216      }
1217#endif
1218
1219      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR complex(const complex<float>& __z)
1220      : _M_value(__z.__rep()) { }
1221
1222      explicit _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR complex(const complex<long double>&);
1223
1224#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1225      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
1226      // DR 387. std::complex over-encapsulated.
1227      __attribute ((__abi_tag__ ("cxx11")))
1228      constexpr double
1229      real() const { return __real__ _M_value; }
1230
1231      __attribute ((__abi_tag__ ("cxx11")))
1232      constexpr double
1233      imag() const { return __imag__ _M_value; }
1234#else
1235      double&
1236      real() { return __real__ _M_value; }
1237
1238      const double&
1239      real() const { return __real__ _M_value; }
1240
1241      double&
1242      imag() { return __imag__ _M_value; }
1243
1244      const double&
1245      imag() const { return __imag__ _M_value; }
1246#endif
1247
1248      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
1249      // DR 387. std::complex over-encapsulated.
1250      void
1251      real(double __val) { __real__ _M_value = __val; }
1252
1253      void
1254      imag(double __val) { __imag__ _M_value = __val; }
1255
1256      complex&
1257      operator=(double __d)
1258      {
1259	_M_value = __d;
1260	return *this;
1261      }
1262
1263      complex&
1264      operator+=(double __d)
1265      {
1266	_M_value += __d;
1267	return *this;
1268      }
1269
1270      complex&
1271      operator-=(double __d)
1272      {
1273	_M_value -= __d;
1274	return *this;
1275      }
1276
1277      complex&
1278      operator*=(double __d)
1279      {
1280	_M_value *= __d;
1281	return *this;
1282      }
1283
1284      complex&
1285      operator/=(double __d)
1286      {
1287	_M_value /= __d;
1288	return *this;
1289      }
1290
1291      // The compiler will synthesize this, efficiently.
1292      // complex& operator=(const complex&);
1293
1294      template<typename _Tp>
1295        complex&
1296        operator=(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
1297	{
1298	  __real__ _M_value = __z.real();
1299	  __imag__ _M_value = __z.imag();
1300	  return *this;
1301	}
1302
1303      template<typename _Tp>
1304        complex&
1305        operator+=(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
1306	{
1307	  __real__ _M_value += __z.real();
1308	  __imag__ _M_value += __z.imag();
1309	  return *this;
1310	}
1311
1312      template<typename _Tp>
1313        complex&
1314        operator-=(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
1315	{
1316	  __real__ _M_value -= __z.real();
1317	  __imag__ _M_value -= __z.imag();
1318	  return *this;
1319	}
1320
1321      template<typename _Tp>
1322        complex&
1323        operator*=(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
1324	{
1325	  _ComplexT __t;
1326	  __real__ __t = __z.real();
1327	  __imag__ __t = __z.imag();
1328	  _M_value *= __t;
1329	  return *this;
1330	}
1331
1332      template<typename _Tp>
1333        complex&
1334        operator/=(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
1335	{
1336	  _ComplexT __t;
1337	  __real__ __t = __z.real();
1338	  __imag__ __t = __z.imag();
1339	  _M_value /= __t;
1340	  return *this;
1341	}
1342
1343      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR _ComplexT __rep() const { return _M_value; }
1344
1345    private:
1346      _ComplexT _M_value;
1347    };
1348
1349  /// 26.2.3  complex specializations
1350  /// complex<long double> specialization
1351  template<>
1352    struct complex<long double>
1353    {
1354      typedef long double value_type;
1355      typedef __complex__ long double _ComplexT;
1356
1357      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR complex(_ComplexT __z) : _M_value(__z) { }
1358
1359      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR complex(long double __r = 0.0L,
1360				 long double __i = 0.0L)
1361#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1362      : _M_value{ __r, __i } { }
1363#else
1364      {
1365	__real__ _M_value = __r;
1366	__imag__ _M_value = __i;
1367      }
1368#endif
1369
1370      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR complex(const complex<float>& __z)
1371      : _M_value(__z.__rep()) { }
1372
1373      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR complex(const complex<double>& __z)
1374      : _M_value(__z.__rep()) { }
1375
1376#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1377      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
1378      // DR 387. std::complex over-encapsulated.
1379      __attribute ((__abi_tag__ ("cxx11")))
1380      constexpr long double
1381      real() const { return __real__ _M_value; }
1382
1383      __attribute ((__abi_tag__ ("cxx11")))
1384      constexpr long double
1385      imag() const { return __imag__ _M_value; }
1386#else
1387      long double&
1388      real() { return __real__ _M_value; }
1389
1390      const long double&
1391      real() const { return __real__ _M_value; }
1392
1393      long double&
1394      imag() { return __imag__ _M_value; }
1395
1396      const long double&
1397      imag() const { return __imag__ _M_value; }
1398#endif
1399
1400      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
1401      // DR 387. std::complex over-encapsulated.
1402      void
1403      real(long double __val) { __real__ _M_value = __val; }
1404
1405      void
1406      imag(long double __val) { __imag__ _M_value = __val; }
1407
1408      complex&
1409      operator=(long double __r)
1410      {
1411	_M_value = __r;
1412	return *this;
1413      }
1414
1415      complex&
1416      operator+=(long double __r)
1417      {
1418	_M_value += __r;
1419	return *this;
1420      }
1421
1422      complex&
1423      operator-=(long double __r)
1424      {
1425	_M_value -= __r;
1426	return *this;
1427      }
1428
1429      complex&
1430      operator*=(long double __r)
1431      {
1432	_M_value *= __r;
1433	return *this;
1434      }
1435
1436      complex&
1437      operator/=(long double __r)
1438      {
1439	_M_value /= __r;
1440	return *this;
1441      }
1442
1443      // The compiler knows how to do this efficiently
1444      // complex& operator=(const complex&);
1445
1446      template<typename _Tp>
1447        complex&
1448        operator=(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
1449	{
1450	  __real__ _M_value = __z.real();
1451	  __imag__ _M_value = __z.imag();
1452	  return *this;
1453	}
1454
1455      template<typename _Tp>
1456        complex&
1457	operator+=(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
1458	{
1459	  __real__ _M_value += __z.real();
1460	  __imag__ _M_value += __z.imag();
1461	  return *this;
1462	}
1463
1464      template<typename _Tp>
1465        complex&
1466	operator-=(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
1467	{
1468	  __real__ _M_value -= __z.real();
1469	  __imag__ _M_value -= __z.imag();
1470	  return *this;
1471	}
1472
1473      template<typename _Tp>
1474        complex&
1475	operator*=(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
1476	{
1477	  _ComplexT __t;
1478	  __real__ __t = __z.real();
1479	  __imag__ __t = __z.imag();
1480	  _M_value *= __t;
1481	  return *this;
1482	}
1483
1484      template<typename _Tp>
1485        complex&
1486	operator/=(const complex<_Tp>& __z)
1487	{
1488	  _ComplexT __t;
1489	  __real__ __t = __z.real();
1490	  __imag__ __t = __z.imag();
1491	  _M_value /= __t;
1492	  return *this;
1493	}
1494
1495      _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR _ComplexT __rep() const { return _M_value; }
1496
1497    private:
1498      _ComplexT _M_value;
1499    };
1500
1501  // These bits have to be at the end of this file, so that the
1502  // specializations have all been defined.
1503  inline _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR
1504  complex<float>::complex(const complex<double>& __z)
1505  : _M_value(__z.__rep()) { }
1506
1507  inline _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR
1508  complex<float>::complex(const complex<long double>& __z)
1509  : _M_value(__z.__rep()) { }
1510
1511  inline _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR
1512  complex<double>::complex(const complex<long double>& __z)
1513  : _M_value(__z.__rep()) { }
1514
1515  // Inhibit implicit instantiations for required instantiations,
1516  // which are defined via explicit instantiations elsewhere.
1517  // NB:  This syntax is a GNU extension.
1518#if _GLIBCXX_EXTERN_TEMPLATE
1519  extern template istream& operator>>(istream&, complex<float>&);
1520  extern template ostream& operator<<(ostream&, const complex<float>&);
1521  extern template istream& operator>>(istream&, complex<double>&);
1522  extern template ostream& operator<<(ostream&, const complex<double>&);
1523  extern template istream& operator>>(istream&, complex<long double>&);
1524  extern template ostream& operator<<(ostream&, const complex<long double>&);
1525
1526#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
1527  extern template wistream& operator>>(wistream&, complex<float>&);
1528  extern template wostream& operator<<(wostream&, const complex<float>&);
1529  extern template wistream& operator>>(wistream&, complex<double>&);
1530  extern template wostream& operator<<(wostream&, const complex<double>&);
1531  extern template wistream& operator>>(wistream&, complex<long double>&);
1532  extern template wostream& operator<<(wostream&, const complex<long double>&);
1533#endif
1534#endif
1535
1536  // @} group complex_numbers
1537
1538_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
1539} // namespace
1540
1541namespace __gnu_cxx _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
1542{
1543_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
1544
1545  // See ext/type_traits.h for the primary template.
1546  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1547    struct __promote_2<std::complex<_Tp>, _Up>
1548    {
1549    public:
1550      typedef std::complex<typename __promote_2<_Tp, _Up>::__type> __type;
1551    };
1552
1553  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1554    struct __promote_2<_Tp, std::complex<_Up> >
1555    {
1556    public:
1557      typedef std::complex<typename __promote_2<_Tp, _Up>::__type> __type;
1558    };
1559
1560  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1561    struct __promote_2<std::complex<_Tp>, std::complex<_Up> >
1562    {
1563    public:
1564      typedef std::complex<typename __promote_2<_Tp, _Up>::__type> __type;
1565    };
1566
1567_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
1568} // namespace
1569
1570#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1571
1572namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
1573{
1574_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
1575
1576  // Forward declarations.
1577  template<typename _Tp> std::complex<_Tp> acos(const std::complex<_Tp>&);
1578  template<typename _Tp> std::complex<_Tp> asin(const std::complex<_Tp>&);
1579  template<typename _Tp> std::complex<_Tp> atan(const std::complex<_Tp>&);
1580
1581  template<typename _Tp> std::complex<_Tp> acosh(const std::complex<_Tp>&);
1582  template<typename _Tp> std::complex<_Tp> asinh(const std::complex<_Tp>&);
1583  template<typename _Tp> std::complex<_Tp> atanh(const std::complex<_Tp>&);
1584  // DR 595.
1585  template<typename _Tp> _Tp               fabs(const std::complex<_Tp>&);
1586
1587  template<typename _Tp>
1588    inline std::complex<_Tp>
1589    __complex_acos(const std::complex<_Tp>& __z)
1590    {
1591      const std::complex<_Tp> __t = std::asin(__z);
1592      const _Tp __pi_2 = 1.5707963267948966192313216916397514L;
1593      return std::complex<_Tp>(__pi_2 - __t.real(), -__t.imag());
1594    }
1595
1596#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_COMPLEX_TR1
1597  inline __complex__ float
1598  __complex_acos(__complex__ float __z)
1599  { return __builtin_cacosf(__z); }
1600
1601  inline __complex__ double
1602  __complex_acos(__complex__ double __z)
1603  { return __builtin_cacos(__z); }
1604
1605  inline __complex__ long double
1606  __complex_acos(const __complex__ long double& __z)
1607  { return __builtin_cacosl(__z); }
1608
1609  template<typename _Tp>
1610    inline std::complex<_Tp>
1611    acos(const std::complex<_Tp>& __z)
1612    { return __complex_acos(__z.__rep()); }
1613#else
1614  /// acos(__z) [8.1.2].
1615  //  Effects:  Behaves the same as C99 function cacos, defined
1616  //            in subclause 7.3.5.1.
1617  template<typename _Tp>
1618    inline std::complex<_Tp>
1619    acos(const std::complex<_Tp>& __z)
1620    { return __complex_acos(__z); }
1621#endif
1622
1623  template<typename _Tp>
1624    inline std::complex<_Tp>
1625    __complex_asin(const std::complex<_Tp>& __z)
1626    {
1627      std::complex<_Tp> __t(-__z.imag(), __z.real());
1628      __t = std::asinh(__t);
1629      return std::complex<_Tp>(__t.imag(), -__t.real());
1630    }
1631
1632#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_COMPLEX_TR1
1633  inline __complex__ float
1634  __complex_asin(__complex__ float __z)
1635  { return __builtin_casinf(__z); }
1636
1637  inline __complex__ double
1638  __complex_asin(__complex__ double __z)
1639  { return __builtin_casin(__z); }
1640
1641  inline __complex__ long double
1642  __complex_asin(const __complex__ long double& __z)
1643  { return __builtin_casinl(__z); }
1644
1645  template<typename _Tp>
1646    inline std::complex<_Tp>
1647    asin(const std::complex<_Tp>& __z)
1648    { return __complex_asin(__z.__rep()); }
1649#else
1650  /// asin(__z) [8.1.3].
1651  //  Effects:  Behaves the same as C99 function casin, defined
1652  //            in subclause 7.3.5.2.
1653  template<typename _Tp>
1654    inline std::complex<_Tp>
1655    asin(const std::complex<_Tp>& __z)
1656    { return __complex_asin(__z); }
1657#endif
1658
1659  template<typename _Tp>
1660    std::complex<_Tp>
1661    __complex_atan(const std::complex<_Tp>& __z)
1662    {
1663      const _Tp __r2 = __z.real() * __z.real();
1664      const _Tp __x = _Tp(1.0) - __r2 - __z.imag() * __z.imag();
1665
1666      _Tp __num = __z.imag() + _Tp(1.0);
1667      _Tp __den = __z.imag() - _Tp(1.0);
1668
1669      __num = __r2 + __num * __num;
1670      __den = __r2 + __den * __den;
1671
1672      return std::complex<_Tp>(_Tp(0.5) * atan2(_Tp(2.0) * __z.real(), __x),
1673			       _Tp(0.25) * log(__num / __den));
1674    }
1675
1676#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_COMPLEX_TR1
1677  inline __complex__ float
1678  __complex_atan(__complex__ float __z)
1679  { return __builtin_catanf(__z); }
1680
1681  inline __complex__ double
1682  __complex_atan(__complex__ double __z)
1683  { return __builtin_catan(__z); }
1684
1685  inline __complex__ long double
1686  __complex_atan(const __complex__ long double& __z)
1687  { return __builtin_catanl(__z); }
1688
1689  template<typename _Tp>
1690    inline std::complex<_Tp>
1691    atan(const std::complex<_Tp>& __z)
1692    { return __complex_atan(__z.__rep()); }
1693#else
1694  /// atan(__z) [8.1.4].
1695  //  Effects:  Behaves the same as C99 function catan, defined
1696  //            in subclause 7.3.5.3.
1697  template<typename _Tp>
1698    inline std::complex<_Tp>
1699    atan(const std::complex<_Tp>& __z)
1700    { return __complex_atan(__z); }
1701#endif
1702
1703  template<typename _Tp>
1704    std::complex<_Tp>
1705    __complex_acosh(const std::complex<_Tp>& __z)
1706    {
1707      // Kahan's formula.
1708      return _Tp(2.0) * std::log(std::sqrt(_Tp(0.5) * (__z + _Tp(1.0)))
1709				 + std::sqrt(_Tp(0.5) * (__z - _Tp(1.0))));
1710    }
1711
1712#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_COMPLEX_TR1
1713  inline __complex__ float
1714  __complex_acosh(__complex__ float __z)
1715  { return __builtin_cacoshf(__z); }
1716
1717  inline __complex__ double
1718  __complex_acosh(__complex__ double __z)
1719  { return __builtin_cacosh(__z); }
1720
1721  inline __complex__ long double
1722  __complex_acosh(const __complex__ long double& __z)
1723  { return __builtin_cacoshl(__z); }
1724
1725  template<typename _Tp>
1726    inline std::complex<_Tp>
1727    acosh(const std::complex<_Tp>& __z)
1728    { return __complex_acosh(__z.__rep()); }
1729#else
1730  /// acosh(__z) [8.1.5].
1731  //  Effects:  Behaves the same as C99 function cacosh, defined
1732  //            in subclause 7.3.6.1.
1733  template<typename _Tp>
1734    inline std::complex<_Tp>
1735    acosh(const std::complex<_Tp>& __z)
1736    { return __complex_acosh(__z); }
1737#endif
1738
1739  template<typename _Tp>
1740    std::complex<_Tp>
1741    __complex_asinh(const std::complex<_Tp>& __z)
1742    {
1743      std::complex<_Tp> __t((__z.real() - __z.imag())
1744			    * (__z.real() + __z.imag()) + _Tp(1.0),
1745			    _Tp(2.0) * __z.real() * __z.imag());
1746      __t = std::sqrt(__t);
1747
1748      return std::log(__t + __z);
1749    }
1750
1751#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_COMPLEX_TR1
1752  inline __complex__ float
1753  __complex_asinh(__complex__ float __z)
1754  { return __builtin_casinhf(__z); }
1755
1756  inline __complex__ double
1757  __complex_asinh(__complex__ double __z)
1758  { return __builtin_casinh(__z); }
1759
1760  inline __complex__ long double
1761  __complex_asinh(const __complex__ long double& __z)
1762  { return __builtin_casinhl(__z); }
1763
1764  template<typename _Tp>
1765    inline std::complex<_Tp>
1766    asinh(const std::complex<_Tp>& __z)
1767    { return __complex_asinh(__z.__rep()); }
1768#else
1769  /// asinh(__z) [8.1.6].
1770  //  Effects:  Behaves the same as C99 function casin, defined
1771  //            in subclause 7.3.6.2.
1772  template<typename _Tp>
1773    inline std::complex<_Tp>
1774    asinh(const std::complex<_Tp>& __z)
1775    { return __complex_asinh(__z); }
1776#endif
1777
1778  template<typename _Tp>
1779    std::complex<_Tp>
1780    __complex_atanh(const std::complex<_Tp>& __z)
1781    {
1782      const _Tp __i2 = __z.imag() * __z.imag();
1783      const _Tp __x = _Tp(1.0) - __i2 - __z.real() * __z.real();
1784
1785      _Tp __num = _Tp(1.0) + __z.real();
1786      _Tp __den = _Tp(1.0) - __z.real();
1787
1788      __num = __i2 + __num * __num;
1789      __den = __i2 + __den * __den;
1790
1791      return std::complex<_Tp>(_Tp(0.25) * (log(__num) - log(__den)),
1792			       _Tp(0.5) * atan2(_Tp(2.0) * __z.imag(), __x));
1793    }
1794
1795#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_COMPLEX_TR1
1796  inline __complex__ float
1797  __complex_atanh(__complex__ float __z)
1798  { return __builtin_catanhf(__z); }
1799
1800  inline __complex__ double
1801  __complex_atanh(__complex__ double __z)
1802  { return __builtin_catanh(__z); }
1803
1804  inline __complex__ long double
1805  __complex_atanh(const __complex__ long double& __z)
1806  { return __builtin_catanhl(__z); }
1807
1808  template<typename _Tp>
1809    inline std::complex<_Tp>
1810    atanh(const std::complex<_Tp>& __z)
1811    { return __complex_atanh(__z.__rep()); }
1812#else
1813  /// atanh(__z) [8.1.7].
1814  //  Effects:  Behaves the same as C99 function catanh, defined
1815  //            in subclause 7.3.6.3.
1816  template<typename _Tp>
1817    inline std::complex<_Tp>
1818    atanh(const std::complex<_Tp>& __z)
1819    { return __complex_atanh(__z); }
1820#endif
1821
1822  template<typename _Tp>
1823    inline _Tp
1824    /// fabs(__z) [8.1.8].
1825    //  Effects:  Behaves the same as C99 function cabs, defined
1826    //            in subclause 7.3.8.1.
1827    fabs(const std::complex<_Tp>& __z)
1828    { return std::abs(__z); }
1829
1830  /// Additional overloads [8.1.9].
1831  template<typename _Tp>
1832    inline typename __gnu_cxx::__promote<_Tp>::__type
1833    arg(_Tp __x)
1834    {
1835      typedef typename __gnu_cxx::__promote<_Tp>::__type __type;
1836#if (_GLIBCXX11_USE_C99_MATH && !_GLIBCXX_USE_C99_FP_MACROS_DYNAMIC)
1837      return std::signbit(__x) ? __type(3.1415926535897932384626433832795029L)
1838	                       : __type();
1839#else
1840      return std::arg(std::complex<__type>(__x));
1841#endif
1842    }
1843
1844  template<typename _Tp>
1845    inline typename __gnu_cxx::__promote<_Tp>::__type
1846    imag(_Tp)
1847    { return _Tp(); }
1848
1849  template<typename _Tp>
1850    inline typename __gnu_cxx::__promote<_Tp>::__type
1851    norm(_Tp __x)
1852    {
1853      typedef typename __gnu_cxx::__promote<_Tp>::__type __type;
1854      return __type(__x) * __type(__x);
1855    }
1856
1857  template<typename _Tp>
1858    inline typename __gnu_cxx::__promote<_Tp>::__type
1859    real(_Tp __x)
1860    { return __x; }
1861
1862  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1863    inline std::complex<typename __gnu_cxx::__promote_2<_Tp, _Up>::__type>
1864    pow(const std::complex<_Tp>& __x, const _Up& __y)
1865    {
1866      typedef typename __gnu_cxx::__promote_2<_Tp, _Up>::__type __type;
1867      return std::pow(std::complex<__type>(__x), __type(__y));
1868    }
1869
1870  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1871    inline std::complex<typename __gnu_cxx::__promote_2<_Tp, _Up>::__type>
1872    pow(const _Tp& __x, const std::complex<_Up>& __y)
1873    {
1874      typedef typename __gnu_cxx::__promote_2<_Tp, _Up>::__type __type;
1875      return std::pow(__type(__x), std::complex<__type>(__y));
1876    }
1877
1878  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1879    inline std::complex<typename __gnu_cxx::__promote_2<_Tp, _Up>::__type>
1880    pow(const std::complex<_Tp>& __x, const std::complex<_Up>& __y)
1881    {
1882      typedef typename __gnu_cxx::__promote_2<_Tp, _Up>::__type __type;
1883      return std::pow(std::complex<__type>(__x),
1884		      std::complex<__type>(__y));
1885    }
1886
1887  // Forward declarations.
1888  // DR 781.
1889  template<typename _Tp> std::complex<_Tp> proj(const std::complex<_Tp>&);
1890
1891  template<typename _Tp>
1892    std::complex<_Tp>
1893    __complex_proj(const std::complex<_Tp>& __z)
1894    {
1895      const _Tp __den = (__z.real() * __z.real()
1896			 + __z.imag() * __z.imag() + _Tp(1.0));
1897
1898      return std::complex<_Tp>((_Tp(2.0) * __z.real()) / __den,
1899			       (_Tp(2.0) * __z.imag()) / __den);
1900    }
1901
1902#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_COMPLEX
1903  inline __complex__ float
1904  __complex_proj(__complex__ float __z)
1905  { return __builtin_cprojf(__z); }
1906
1907  inline __complex__ double
1908  __complex_proj(__complex__ double __z)
1909  { return __builtin_cproj(__z); }
1910
1911  inline __complex__ long double
1912  __complex_proj(const __complex__ long double& __z)
1913  { return __builtin_cprojl(__z); }
1914
1915  template<typename _Tp>
1916    inline std::complex<_Tp>
1917    proj(const std::complex<_Tp>& __z)
1918    { return __complex_proj(__z.__rep()); }
1919#else
1920  template<typename _Tp>
1921    inline std::complex<_Tp>
1922    proj(const std::complex<_Tp>& __z)
1923    { return __complex_proj(__z); }
1924#endif
1925
1926  // DR 1137.
1927  template<typename _Tp>
1928    inline typename __gnu_cxx::__promote<_Tp>::__type
1929    proj(_Tp __x)
1930    { return __x; }
1931
1932  template<typename _Tp>
1933    inline typename __gnu_cxx::__promote<_Tp>::__type
1934    conj(_Tp __x)
1935    { return __x; }
1936
1937_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
1938
1939#if __cplusplus > 201103L
1940
1941inline namespace literals {
1942inline namespace complex_literals {
1943_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
1944
1945#define __cpp_lib_complex_udls 201309
1946
1947  constexpr std::complex<float>
1948  operator""if(long double __num)
1949  { return std::complex<float>{0.0F, static_cast<float>(__num)}; }
1950
1951  constexpr std::complex<float>
1952  operator""if(unsigned long long __num)
1953  { return std::complex<float>{0.0F, static_cast<float>(__num)}; }
1954
1955  constexpr std::complex<double>
1956  operator""i(long double __num)
1957  { return std::complex<double>{0.0, static_cast<double>(__num)}; }
1958
1959  constexpr std::complex<double>
1960  operator""i(unsigned long long __num)
1961  { return std::complex<double>{0.0, static_cast<double>(__num)}; }
1962
1963  constexpr std::complex<long double>
1964  operator""il(long double __num)
1965  { return std::complex<long double>{0.0L, __num}; }
1966
1967  constexpr std::complex<long double>
1968  operator""il(unsigned long long __num)
1969  { return std::complex<long double>{0.0L, static_cast<long double>(__num)}; }
1970
1971_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
1972} // inline namespace complex_literals
1973} // inline namespace literals
1974
1975#endif // C++14
1976
1977} // namespace
1978
1979#endif  // C++11
1980
1981#endif  /* _GLIBCXX_COMPLEX */
1982