1 /*
2  *  Copyright (c) 2023 KNS Group LLC (YADRO)
3  *
4  *  SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
5  */
6 
7 #include <zephyr/kernel.h>
8 #include <zephyr/linker/linker-defs.h>
9 
valid_stack(uintptr_t addr,k_tid_t current)10 static bool valid_stack(uintptr_t addr, k_tid_t current)
11 {
12 	return current->stack_info.start <= addr &&
13 		addr < current->stack_info.start + current->stack_info.size;
14 }
15 
in_text_region(uintptr_t addr)16 static inline bool in_text_region(uintptr_t addr)
17 {
18 	return (addr >= (uintptr_t)__text_region_start) && (addr < (uintptr_t)__text_region_end);
19 }
20 
21 /*
22  * This function use frame pointers to unwind stack and get trace of return addresses.
23  * Return addresses are translated in corresponding function's names using .elf file.
24  * So we get function call trace
25  */
arch_perf_current_stack_trace(uintptr_t * buf,size_t size)26 size_t arch_perf_current_stack_trace(uintptr_t *buf, size_t size)
27 {
28 	if (size < 2U) {
29 		return 0;
30 	}
31 
32 	size_t idx = 0;
33 
34 	/*
35 	 * In riscv (arch/riscv/core/isr.S) ra, ip($mepc) and fp($s0) are saved
36 	 * at the beginning of _isr_wrapper in order, specified by struct arch_esf.
37 	 * Then, before calling interruption handler, core switch $sp to
38 	 * _current_cpu->irq_stack and save $sp with offset -16 on irq stack
39 	 *
40 	 * The following lines lines do the reverse things to get ra, ip anf fp
41 	 * from thread stack
42 	 */
43 	const struct arch_esf * const esf =
44 		*((struct arch_esf **)(((uintptr_t)_current_cpu->irq_stack) - 16));
45 
46 	/*
47 	 * $s0 is used as frame pointer.
48 	 *
49 	 * stack frame in memory (commonly):
50 	 * (addresses growth up)
51 	 *  ....
52 	 *  [-] <- $fp($s0) (curr)
53 	 *  $ra
54 	 *  $fp($s0) (next)
55 	 *  ....
56 	 *
57 	 * If function do not call any other function, compiller may not save $ra,
58 	 * then stack frame will be:
59 	 *  ....
60 	 *  [-] <- $fp($s0) (curr)
61 	 *  $fp($s0) (next)
62 	 *  ....
63 	 *
64 	 */
65 	void **fp = (void **)esf->s0;
66 	void **new_fp = (void **)fp[-1];
67 
68 	buf[idx++] = (uintptr_t)esf->mepc;
69 
70 	/*
71 	 * During function prologue and epilogue fp is equal to fp of
72 	 * previous function stack frame, it looks like second function
73 	 * from top is missed.
74 	 * So saving $ra will help in case when irq occurred in
75 	 * function prologue or epilogue.
76 	 */
77 	buf[idx++] = (uintptr_t)esf->ra;
78 	if (valid_stack((uintptr_t)new_fp, _current)) {
79 		fp = new_fp;
80 	}
81 	while (valid_stack((uintptr_t)fp, _current)) {
82 		if (idx >= size) {
83 			return 0;
84 		}
85 
86 		if (!in_text_region((uintptr_t)fp[-1])) {
87 			break;
88 		}
89 
90 		buf[idx++] = (uintptr_t)fp[-1];
91 		new_fp = (void **)fp[-2];
92 
93 		/*
94 		 * anti-infinity-loop if
95 		 * new_fp can't be smaller than fp, cause the stack is growing down
96 		 * and trace moves deeper into the stack
97 		 */
98 		if (new_fp <= fp) {
99 			break;
100 		}
101 		fp = new_fp;
102 	}
103 
104 	return idx;
105 }
106